Consumer data portability rights in the U.S. are gaining momentum in 2025. These rights give consumers the ability to transfer their personal data between service providers, promoting transparency, competition, and user control.
Key takeaways
Data portability allows consumers to request a copy of their personal data in a usable format. Companies must comply with consumer rights laws to ensure fair data practices.
Legal basis
While the U.S. lacks a single federal law, state-level privacy laws such as the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) and the Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act (VCDPA) grant data portability rights. See official guidance at oag.ca.gov.
State-by-state differences
California provides the broadest protections under CCPA, while states like Colorado and Virginia have introduced similar rights. In 2025, more states are enacting portability provisions to standardize consumer protections.
Real-world cases
Consumers have used portability rights to switch financial apps, health platforms, and social networks. These cases show how portability empowers users to avoid vendor lock-in and demand accountability from service providers.
Step-by-step actions
1. Submit a written request for your personal data under state law.
2. Verify your identity to confirm eligibility.
3. Receive data in a structured, machine-readable format.
4. Transfer the data to another provider of your choice.
5. Report violations to your state attorney general or consumer protection office.
Why this matters
Consumer data portability rights increase market fairness and strengthen consumer autonomy. As more states adopt these protections in 2025, individuals gain stronger leverage over companies handling their information.
FAQ
Q: What data is included under portability rights?
A: Typically personal identifiers, transaction history, and digital interactions, depending on state law.
Q: Do federal laws guarantee portability?
A: No, but proposals are under review in 2025. Currently, protections are state-driven.
Q: Can companies refuse portability requests?
A: Only if the request is excessive, unfounded, or conflicts with other legal obligations.